MaximaRX wrote:
The one problem with dark matter is that it cannot be measured and will never be proven. Many scientists just use it to explain the big bang, expansion of the universe, etc. Another theory that is getting bigger is the Zero POint Field. It is the cumulative energy from the fluctuations in the wavelengths of all electromagnetic/light waves. It has been proven and explains many things like inertia and expansion. This of course is a basic explanation. Anyway, we will probably never know EVERYTHING, until we die....that is
max
Dark matter can be measured. It is measured by the effects it exerts, most specificly its gravitational attraction. This can be observed using gravitational lensing effects which give a direct measure of the presense of mass.
There is a lot of debate about dark matter. It accounts for more than 10x as much mass of the universe as normal matter though, so there's a lot of it.
Dark energy is totally different to dark matter.
The original idea of dark energy is just a force to counter balance the effects of gravity, which would make the universe collapse in on itself. Einstein called this cosmological constant LAMDA (I've writted it in caps because it is written as a capital lamda). Einstein regarded this as his 'greatest mistake', probably because he blames this theory for being the reason it wasn't him who found out the universe is expanding (it was Hubble (the man not the telescope)).
The existence of this cosmological constant is regarded as practically a certainty as it's effects have been observed in numerous studies, especially in quantum field theory, where it is known as vacuum energy. Unfortunately Einsteins equations don't fit in with the results of any studies into this vacuum energy. The term cosmological constant has all but disappeared these days, because many theorists have suggested that this so-called cosmological constant may change with time, which doesn't make it much of a constant.
The discovery of dark energy has brought many theories into question, such as the Hawking-Hartle no boundary proposal (one I'm quite fond of because it eliminates the need (or even possibility) for any sort of creator - the proposal has since been modified by Hawking and Turok to accomodate this). This is because these theories revolve around a concept that K>0, which would mean the universe has a small positive curvature. Dark matter makes a hyperbolic universe look far more probable (K<0, small negative curvature).
But given that all these equations are to do with the total mass-energy content of the entire universe, I don't think we'll be getting anything like a definative answer anytime soon.
Krauss (2001) explains dark matter and dark energy in quite a lot of depth.