BF2S Forums Race relations thread

A number of papers have reported on offender ethnicity in group-based CSE,
typically as part of wider research in this space. Findings from these are
summarised below:
a. CEOP (2011) undertook a data collection with police forces, children’s
services and specialist providers from the voluntary sector, looking at those
allegedly involved in ‘street grooming’ and CSE. Data was returned on
approximately 2,300 possible offenders, but approximately 1,100 were
excluded from analysis due to a lack of basic information. In the remaining
1,200 cases, ethnicity data was unknown for 38% of them. Where data was
available 30% of offenders were White, while 28% were Asian. Due to the
amount of missing data, both basic offender information and ethnicity
specifically, these figures should be treated with caution.

b. Berelowitz et al. (2012) collected data from a range of agencies including
local authorities, police forces and voluntary sector organisations on
individuals known to be exploiting children. Around 1,500 individuals were
identified, but there was no data on ethnicity for 21% of them. Where data
was available, ‘White’ was the largest category. However, it should be noted
that this data relates to a time period at least ten years ago when many
agencies were less familiar with CSE. This work also did not distinguish
between groups and gangs.

c. In 2013 CEOP undertook a second piece of work in this space. Data was
requested from all police forces in England and Wales on contact CSA, and
responses were received from 31. Of the 52 groups where data provided
was useable, half of the groups consisted of all Asian offenders, 11 were all
White offenders, 4 were all Black, and 2 were exclusively Arab. There were
nine groups where offenders came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds.
Looking at the offenders across all groups, of the 306 offenders 75% were
Asian. However, as with CEOP (2011) these figures should be treated with
caution due to the amount of missing data.

d. The Children’s Commissioner for England carried out work in 2014 looking
at police data on CSE offenders (Berelowitz et al., 2015). Data was provided
by 19 out of 43 police forces, showing nearly 4,000 offenders, 1,200 of
whom were involved in group-based CSE. This study found that 42% were
White or White British, 17% were Black or Black British, 14% were Asian or
Asian British, and 4% had another ethnicity. No data on ethnicity was
recorded in 22% of cases. As above (Berelowitz et al., 2012), it should be
noted that when this work was carried out when many agencies were less
familiar with CSE, and very little was recognised or recorded about this kind
of offence or offender by police at the time.

e. Lastly, the Police Foundation (Skidmore, 2016) looked at group-based CSE
in Bristol, and found that those from ethnic minority backgrounds were overrepresented compared to the local area. However, they note that this is
likely magnified by skewed and incomplete data.

Research has found that group-based CSE offenders are most
commonly White.4 Some studies suggest an over-representation of Black and Asian
offenders relative to the demographics of national populations.5 However, it is not
possible to conclude that this is representative of all group-based CSE offending.
This is due to issues such as data quality problems, the way the samples were
selected in studies, and the potential for bias and inaccuracies in the way that
ethnicity data is collected.6 During our conversations with police forces, we have
found that in the operations reflected, offender groups come from diverse
backgrounds, with each group being broadly ethnically homogenous. However,
there are cases where offenders within groups come from different backgrounds.

Last edited by Dilbert_X (2020-12-16 22:58:40)

As bill to stop weed arrests stalls, N.J. cops still bust people for small amounts of marijuana
...
Police are following the law as written, booking people for offenses as minor as possession of one joint, attorneys say. And prosecutors are using a wide array of discretion in how they handle the cases in court; some levying fines with guilty pleas, and others dismissing the cases.
...
Decriminalizing marijuana in New Jersey will also require a culture shift among law enforcement, said Jason Williams, an assistant professor of justice studies at Montclair State University.

“From the very beginning, the police departments around the country were against it,” he said. “They are also likely to push these falsehoods, that legalizing it will bring about more crime and such. These competing ideologies between law enforcement and the aspirations of the people and the Legislature is I think what holds up change, at least on the ground.”

SuperJail Warden wrote:

Marry a teacher. Male cops marry teachers. Male  teachers marry nurses.